| Law Name | Jurisdiction | Type of Legislation | Legal Categories | Specific Requirements | Penalties/Consequences |
| EU AI Act | EU | Act Published- April 2021 Introduced- June 14 2023 | 1. Unacceptable Risk- Must not pose an unacceptable risk to people's safety or fundamental rights 2. High-Risk- Systems that carry high risks to health, safety, and fundamental rights, and are subject to strict regulatory requirements. 3. Limited Risk - Systems that pose a limited risk to individuals' rights or safety, require specific transparency obligations. | 1. Risk Management: Assess and mitigate risks, ensure human oversight. 2. Transparency: Inform users about the AI system's purpose and functionality. 3. Data Quality: Ensure the use of high-quality, bias-free datasets. 4. Accountability: Document AI system design and maintain records of activities. 5. Safety and Reliability: Monitor performance and ensure robustness of AI systems. 6. Bias Mitigation: Design systems to avoid discriminatory outcomes. 7. Post-Market Monitoring: Ongoing oversight and correction mechanisms. | 1. €30 million or 6% of global turnover for the most serious violations. 2. €20 million or 4% of global turnover for significant breaches. 3. €10 million or 2% of global turnover for lesser violations. 4. Potential temporary or permanent bans on AI systems or their withdrawal from the market. 5. Suspension of AI systems or corrective measures enforced by national authorities. |
| Canada AIDA Act | Canada | Act (Added onto Bill-C27) Published- June 2022 | 1. High-Impact AI systems 2. Prohibited Conduct 3. Transparency and Reporting 4. Oversight and Enforcement 5. Excluded sectors 6. Human Rights/ Risk Mitigation | 1. Risk Management- Organizations must identify, assess, and mitigate risks of harm and biased outputs for high-impact AI systems. Conduct assessments to evaluate the potential impacts of AI systems. 2.Prohibited Activities- Using illegally obtained personal data to design/develop AI systems is prohibited. Deployment of AI systems that may cause serious harm is forbidden. 3. Transparency and Accountability-Maintain documentation on the development, deployment, and operation of AI systems to ensure traceability. Publicly report measures taken to mitigate risks and summaries of system assessments. 4. Monitoring and Auditing -Regularly monitor AI systems for performance and risks, implementing corrective actions as necessary. Comply with independent audits if mandated by authorities. 5. Governance and Oversight- The Artificial Intelligence and Data Commissioner will oversee compliance and enforce regulations. The Minister can compel organizations to produce records, conduct audits, or take corrective actions. | 1. Administrative Money Penalties 2. Criminal Offenses-fines/imprisonment 3. Enforcement actions by authorities- audits/suspension 4. System removal 5. Liability for harm -lawsuits |
| UK- Pro Innovation Approach to AI | UK | White Paper Published-29th March 2023 | 1. Regulatory Framework- Advocates for a principle based framework 2. Existing Legal systems- advocates for modifying existing laws rather than creating new laws, 3. Sector-specific regulations- Regulations for specific sectors (Healthcare) 4. Ethical Standards 5. AI Governance and Oversight - Creation of specific bodies 6. Liability and Accountability 7. Innovation and Economic Growth | 1. Adherence to existing laws- 2. Accountability & Transparency 3. Ethical AI Development 4. Human Oversight 5. Risk Assessment & Management 6. Data Protection & Privacy 7. AI Governance and Oversight 8. Liability for AI decisions | Data Protection Violations: Fines up to £17.5 million or 4% of global turnover for serious breaches. Lesser fines up to £8.75 million or 2% of turnover for other violations. Competition Law Breaches: Fines up to 10% of global turnover for anti-competitive practices. Criminal prosecution for individuals involved in cartels, with penalties up to 5 years imprisonment. Intellectual Property Infringements: Injunctions and damages or accounting for profits. Higher penalties for willful infringement. Consumer Protection Violations: Fines or compensation claims for harm caused by unsafe or misleading AI systems. Health and Safety Violations (in high-risk sectors): Fines or criminal prosecution if AI causes harm or breaches safety standards. Ethical Standards and Transparency: While there are no specific fines, failure to adhere to ethical standards may result in reputational damage, public scrutiny, and potentially regulatory actions like system withdrawal. Sector-Specific Non-Compliance: Fines and legal action in sectors like finance if AI systems violate industry-specific regulations (e.g., autonomous vehicles or financial fraud detection). AI-Specific Regulatory Bodies: Potential soft penalties from bodies like the AI Council if AI systems fail to meet ethical or regulatory guidelines (though no legal penalties are yet specified) |
| Germany AI Strategy- 2020 | Germany | Strategy Published- December 2020 ( This updates the Strategy published in 2018) | 1. Investment in AI Research 2. AI Education and Skills development 3. Ethical AI development 4. Promotion for industry and economy 5. AI for public services 6. Regulation and Legal framework 7. AI testing and certification 8. International Cooperation 9. Public Awareness 10. Data Availability 11. AI for security and defence | The strategy itself does not impose penalties. The penalties will be based around existing EU regulation which involve AI related activities. 1. Data protection and privacy laws 2. Competition Laws 3. Failure to meet industry-specific regulations 4. Intellectual Property Violations 5. Violations for EU AI regulations |
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| Egypt's AI Strategy | Egypt | Strategy Published- November 2019 | 1. Development of Human Capital- Education & Training 2. Promoting AI Research- Research centres/ collaborations 3. Digital Infrastructure & Data Governance- Open data platforms & AI Cloud 4. Ethical AI Development- Principles for ethical AI 5. Industry collaboration and Economic Development 6. Building an AI Ecosystem- Creation of a regulatory environment | This strategy does outline specific penalties as it serves as a framework. Non compliance with broader regulatory and legal frameworks do hold penalties in terms of AI. 1. Data Protection = Egypt’s Personal Data Protection Law No. 151 of 2020. This includes Fines ranging from EGP 100,000 to EGP 5 million, criminal liability and suspensions 2. Competition and Antitrust Violations-Fines of up to 12% of the company’s annual turnover or a fixed monetary penalty or orders to cease operations. 3. Sector-Specific Regulation Violations- Fines/License revocation or Liability for damages 4. Cybersecurity and National Security Breaches- Penalties under the Egyptian Cybercrime Law No. 175 of 2018. Imprisonment (5years) Fines (500,000-5 M EGP) 5. Intellectual Property Violations |
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| Indonesia AI Strategy | Indonesia | Strategy Published- | |||
| Japan | Japan |